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How does a shock absorber work?
Shock absorbers are used to suppress the shock produced by the spring when it recovers from the shock absorption and the shock from the road surface. It is widely used in automobile to accelerate the shock absorption of frame and body and improve the riding comfort of automobile. After the uneven road surface, although the shock absorber spring can filter the road vibration, the spring itself will also have reciprocating motion, and the shock absorber is used to inhibit the spring jump.
In order to improve the riding comfort of the car when the elastic element is in shock vibration, the elastic element shock absorber is installed in parallel in the suspension to attenuate the vibration. The shock absorber used in the suspension system is a hydraulic shock absorber, and its working principle is that when the relative motion vibration occurs between the frame (or body) and the shaft, the piston moves up and down inside the shock absorber. The oil in the shock absorber chamber flows repeatedly from one chamber to another through different pores. At this time, the friction between the hole wall and the oil and the internal friction between the oil molecules form a damping force on the vibration, so that the car vibration energy is converted into oil heat energy, and then absorbed by the shock absorber and distributed to the atmosphere. When the oil passage section and other factors remain unchanged, the damping force increases or decreases the relative speed between the frame and the shaft (or wheel), which is related to the oil viscosity.
Description of the working principle of the bidirectional acting cylinder shock absorber: In the compression stroke, it means that the car wheel is close to the body, the shock absorber is compressed, and the piston in the shock absorber moves downward. The lower cavity volume of piston decreases and the oil pressure increases. The oil flows through the flow valve to the chamber above the piston (upper chamber). The upper chamber is occupied by part of the piston rod space, so the increased volume of the upper chamber is less than the reduced volume of the lower chamber, and then a part of the oil pushes the compression valve to flow back to the storage cylinder. The fuel economy of these valves forms the damping force of the suspension during compression motion. When the shock absorber is extended, the wheel is equivalent to moving away from the body, and the shock absorber is extended. The piston of the shock absorber moves upward. The oil pressure in the upper chamber of the piston rises, the flow valve is closed, and the oil in the upper chamber pushes the extension valve into the lower chamber. Due to the presence of the piston rod, the amount of oil flowing out of the upper chamber is not enough to fill the increased volume of the lower chamber. The main reason is the vacuum in the lower cavity. At this time, the oil in the storage cylinder pushes the compensation valve 7 into the lower chamber to replenish. Due to the throttling action of these valves, the suspension acts as a damper during the stretching motion.