What is a crankshaft? What does the crankshaft do? The composition of the crankshaft?
The crankshaft is one of the most important parts of the engine, it takes the force from the connecting rod and converts it into torque output through the crankshaft and drives other accessories on the engine to work. The crankshaft is affected by centrifugal force of rotating mass, periodic gas inertia force and reciprocating inertia force, which makes the crankshaft bear the action of bending and torsional load. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness, and the journal surface needs to be wear-resistant, uniform and balanced. The crankshaft is made of carbon structural steel or ductile iron, and after the connecting rod is installed, it can bear the up and down (reciprocating) movement of the connecting rod, and turn it into a circular (rotating) movement. The main function of the crankshaft is to convert the up and down reciprocating motion of the engine into rotary motion, thus providing power to the entire mechanical system.
The role of the crankshaft mainly includes the following points:
Transmission power: The crankshaft transfers the force of the piston to the output shaft by converting the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into a circular rotating motion, and drives other parts of the engine to work, such as valves, pistons, connecting rods, etc.
Transfer torque and speed: The crankshaft can also transfer the engine's torque and speed to the output shaft, so that the car can generate power while driving, so that the engine can operate normally.
Withstand torque: The crankshaft also needs to withstand the torque and inertial force of the engine to ensure the normal operation of the engine.
Control valve: The crankshaft controls the intake and exhaust air in the cylinder by controlling the opening and closing of the valve to ensure the normal operation of the engine.
In general, the crankshaft is one of the very important parts of the engine, its role is to convert the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into the circular rotation of the crankshaft to drive the other parts of the engine to work, but also need to withstand a variety of forces and moments to ensure the normal operation of the engine.
The crankshaft mainly consists of the following parts:
Spindle neck: The main supporting part of the crankshaft, supported by the main bearing in the main bearing housing of the crankcase. The axis of the spindle neck is all in the same straight line.
Connecting rod journal (crank pin) : deviating from the axis of the main shaft journal to install the connecting rod journal, and there is a certain Angle between the connecting rod journal to convert the force from the connecting rod into the rotating torque of the crankshaft.
Crank (crank arm) : The part that connects the connecting rod journal and the main shaft journal together to convert the force from the connecting rod into the rotating torque of the crankshaft.
Counterweight: used to balance the unbalanced centrifugal torque of the engine, and sometimes to balance a part of the reciprocating inertia force to make the crankshaft rotate smoothly.
Front-end shaft (free end) : used to install water pump pulley, crankshaft timing pulley, etc.
Rear end flange: used to install the flywheel, the rear end journal and the flywheel flange between the oil flange and the return thread, to prevent oil from leaking back.
The working principle of the crankshaft involves converting the force from the connecting rod into torque, which is output through the crankshaft and drives other accessories on the engine to work. In this process, the crankshaft is affected by the centrifugal force of the rotating mass, the gas inertia force of periodic change and the reciprocating inertia force, and bears the action of bending and torsional load. Therefore, the crankshaft needs to have sufficient strength and stiffness, and the journal surface needs to be wear-resistant, uniform and balanced.
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