Filter collector - fitting in the front oil pan of the oil pump.
Due to the large viscosity of the oil itself and the high content of debris in the oil, in order to improve the filtration efficiency, the oil filter generally has three levels, which are the oil collector filter, the oil coarse filter and the oil fine filter. The filter is installed in the oil pan in front of the oil pump, and generally adopts metal filter screen type.
In order to reduce the friction resistance between the relative moving parts in the engine and reduce the wear of the parts, the oil is constantly transported to the friction surface of the moving parts to form a lubricating oil film for lubrication. The oil itself contains a certain amount of gum, impurities, moisture and additives. At the same time, during the working process of the engine, the introduction of metal scraps, the entry of debris in the air, and the production of oil oxides make the debris in the oil gradually increase. If the oil is not filtered and directly enters the lubricating oil road, it will bring the debris contained in the oil into the friction surface of the moving pair, accelerate the wear of parts and reduce the service life of the engine. The function of the oil filter is to filter out the debris, gum and water in the oil, and deliver clean oil to the lubricating parts.
Oil coarse filter is installed behind the oil pump, and the main oil channel in series, mainly metal scraper type, sawdust filter core type, microporous filter paper type, mainly using microporous filter paper type. The oil fine filter is installed in parallel with the main oil passage after the oil pump. There are mainly two kinds of microporous filter paper type and rotor type. Rotor oil filter adopts centrifugal filtration without filter element, which effectively solves the contradiction between oil permeability and filtration efficiency.
The damage forms of the oil filter are mainly as follows:
1, the filter is covered by oil, or the filter is damaged.
2, the buoy sag or rupture subsidence, the oil in the buoy or the filter set too much scale and blockage caused by damage.
3, the pipeline is blocked; The clamping foot device is not strong and falls off after vibration, causing damage to the accumulator.
The oil filter is installed in front of the oil inlet of the oil pump, and its main function is to prevent large mechanical impurities from entering the man-machine oil pump. The filter collector form can be divided into floating filter and fixed filter.
Sorting by filter collector
1. Set filter
The filter collector is usually designed with a filter screen and is located in front of the oil pump to prevent large particles from entering the oil pump. Collector filter is divided into floating and fixed two kinds.
The floating filter can absorb the cleaner oil on the upper layer, but it is easy to inhale the foam, resulting in a drop in oil pressure and unstable lubrication effect. The fixed filter is located below the oil level, although the cleanliness of the inhaled oil is slightly worse than that of the floating type, but it avoids the suction of the foam, the lubrication effect is more stable, the structure is simple, and the current automotive engine uses such a filter.
Second, full-flow oil filter
The full-flow oil filter is connected in series between the oil pump and the main oil passage to filter all the oil. At present, most automobile engines use full-flow oil filters.
Full-flow oil filters have a variety of filter designs, of which paper filters are the most common. Oil filters with paper filter elements are divided into two types: decomposable and integral. When the filter element is seriously blocked by impurities, the oil pressure at the oil inlet of the filter will rise, and when it reaches a certain value, the bypass valve will be opened, and the oil will enter the main oil passage directly without filtering through the filter element. Although the oil is transported to the various lubricating parts without filtration at this time, it is much better than the lack of lubricating oil.
Three, split type oil filter
Large trucks, especially heavy truck engines, usually use a combination of full-flow and shunt oil filters. The full-flow filter is mainly responsible for filtering impurities with particles greater than 0.05mm in the oil, while the shunt filter is responsible for filtering small impurities with particles less than 0.001mm, and only 5% to 10% of the oil supply of the oil pump is filtered.
The shunt type fine filter has two types: filter type and centrifugal type. At present, centrifugal oil filter is used more. It has a rotor inside which is supported on the shaft by rolling bearings. There are two nozzles in the rotor, using the working pressure of the lubrication system itself, when the oil enters the rotor and ejects from the nozzle, the recoil torque is generated, making the rotor rotate at a high speed. Under the action of centrifugal force, solid impurities in the oil are separated and accumulated on the inner wall of the rotor. The oil in the center of the rotor becomes clean and flows from the nozzle back to the oil pan.
Four, centrifugal oil filter
Centrifugal oil filter is characterized by stable performance, reliable structure, no need to replace the filter element. Just remove the rotor regularly and clean the stain on the surface of the rotor, you can use it again, and the service life is long. However, its structure is relatively complex, the price is high, the weight is also large, and the technical requirements for maintenance personnel are high.
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