What does car transmission mean
Automotive transmission refers to the process of transmitting the power generated by the engine to the driving wheels through a series of mechanical and hydraulic components, thus enabling the vehicle to travel. This process is mainly composed of the following key components: clutch, transmission, universal joint, drive shaft, differential and half shaft .
The basic principles of vehicle transmission
clutch : In manual transmission models, the clutch is used to connect or disconnect power transfer from the engine to the transmission when needed. In automatic transmission models, the torque converter plays a similar role to achieve flexible connection, which plays the role of buffering and torsional increase .
transmission : The transmission flexibly adjusts the gear combination according to the change of road conditions to ensure that the engine speed and torque match, to provide the required power traction and speed for the car. The transmission also has forward and backward functions, enabling the car to reverse through precise mechanical design .
universal joint and drive shaft : these components allow power to be transferred between different angles and positions, to adapt to the needs of the car in different driving conditions .
differential : The differential allows the left and right wheels to rotate at different speeds, adapting to the vehicle when turning the inner and outer wheels travel different distances .
half-shaft : The final transfer of power to the driving wheels, so that the vehicle can travel .
Different types of vehicle transmission and their application scenarios
Traditional fuel vehicle : power output from the engine, through the clutch or torque converter, transmission, transmission shaft, differential and half shaft and other parts, and finally transferred to the driving wheel. Common transmission types include manual, automatic, and continuously variable transmission (CVT) .
electric vehicle : The power transmission of electric vehicles is relatively simple, and the power generated by the motor is directly transmitted to the wheels through a fixed deceleration device. Electric cars are typically available with a single-speed transmission or direct drive .
There are two main ways that cars convey information :
Parallel transmission : In this mode, the sending device simultaneously transmits 7 to 8 bits of data to the receiving device. The advantage of parallel transmission is high data transmission efficiency, but the disadvantage is that it requires higher construction costs and is usually used in a short transmission path.
Serial transmission : Serial transmission transmits data sequentially in bits over a wire. Although the transmission efficiency is low, the wiring cost is low, which is suitable for long-distance transmission or a large number of wire saving needs.
Further classification of serial transmission
Serial transmission can be further divided into synchronous transmission and asynchronous transmission:
Synchronous transmission : Use a common clock pulse generator to keep the time of the sending and receiving devices synchronized, suitable for scenarios requiring precise time control.
asynchronous transmission : there is no common system beat between the sending and receiving devices, and the start and end of the data set are identified by the start and stop bits. It is suitable for scenarios where the amount of data is small and precise time control is not required.
A concrete application example of automobile communication system
In the automotive industry, common on-board network communication systems include CAN bus system, LIN bus system, FlexRay and MOST bus system. Among them, the CAN bus is the most widely used, mainly for the internal data exchange of the car, while the LIN bus is used for the networking between the sensor and the actuator.
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