WHEEL RIM.
Wheel Rim development
Car hub bearings used to be the most used in pairs of single row tapered roller or ball bearings. With the development of technology, car wheel hub unit has been widely used. The use range and usage of wheel bearing units are growing, and they have developed into the third generation: the first generation is composed of double row angular contact bearings. The second generation has a flange for fixing the bearing on the outer raceway, which can be simply inserted onto the axle and fixed with a nut. It makes car maintenance easier. The third generation of wheel hub bearing unit is a combination of bearing unit and anti-lock brake system. The hub unit is designed with an inner flange and an outer flange, the inner flange is bolted to the drive shaft, and the outer flange installs the entire bearing together.
Hub type
The wheel hub is also called the rim. According to the characteristics and needs of different models, the wheel surface treatment process will also take different ways, which can be roughly divided into two kinds of paint and electroplating. Ordinary models of the wheel in the appearance of less consideration, good heat dissipation is a basic requirement, the process is basically using paint treatment, that is, first spray and then electric baking, the cost is more economical and the color is beautiful, keep a long time, even if the vehicle is scrapped, the color of the wheel is still the same. The surface treatment process of many popular models is baking paint. Some fashion-forward, dynamic colored wheels also use paint technology. This kind of wheel is moderately priced and has complete specifications. Electroplated wheels are divided into silver electroplating, water electroplating and pure electroplating. Although the color of electroplated silver and water electroplated wheel is bright and vivid, the retention time is short, so the price is relatively cheap, and it is liked by many young people who pursue freshness.
Manufacturing method
There are three manufacturing methods for aluminum alloy wheels: gravity casting, forging, and low-pressure precision casting. 1. Gravity casting method uses gravity to pour the aluminum alloy solution into the mold, and after forming, it is polished by the lathe to complete the production. The manufacturing process is simple, does not require precision casting process, low cost and high production efficiency, but it is easy to produce bubbles (sand holes), uneven density, and insufficient surface smoothness. Geely has quite a number of models equipped with wheels produced by this method, mainly early production models, and most new models have been replaced with new wheels. 2. The forging method of the whole aluminum ingot is directly extruded by a thousand tons of press on the mold, the advantage is that the density is uniform, the surface is smooth and detailed, the wheel wall is thin and light in weight, the material strength is the highest, more than 30% of the casting method, but because of the need for more sophisticated production equipment, and the yield is only 50 to 60%, the manufacturing cost is higher. 3. Low pressure precision casting method Precision casting at low pressure of 0.1Mpa, this casting method has good formability, clear outline, uniform density, smooth surface, which can achieve high strength, lightweight, and control costs, and the yield is more than 90%, which is the mainstream manufacturing method of high-quality aluminum alloy wheels.
Basic parameter
A hub includes a lot of parameters, and each parameter will affect the use of the vehicle, so before modifying and maintaining the hub, first confirm these parameters.
dimension
Hub size is actually the diameter of the hub, we can often hear people say 15 inch hub, 16 inch hub such a statement, of which 15, 16 inches refers to the size of the hub (diameter). In general, on the car, the wheel size is large, and the tire flat ratio is high, it can play a good visual tension effect, and the stability of the vehicle control will also be increased, but it is followed by additional problems such as increased fuel consumption.
breadth
The width of the wheel hub is also known as the J value, the width of the wheel directly affects the choice of tires, the same size of tires, the J value is different, the choice of tire flat ratio and width is different.
PCD and hole positions
The professional name of PCD is called the pitch circle diameter, which refers to the diameter between the fixed bolts in the center of the hub, the general hub large porous position is 5 bolts and 4 bolts, and the distance of the bolts is also different, so we can often hear the name 4X103, 5x14.3, 5x112, taking 5x14.3 as an example, On behalf of this hub PCD is 114.3mm, hole position 5 bolts. In the choice of hub, PCD is one of the most important parameters, for safety and stability considerations, it is best to choose the PCD and the original car hub to upgrade.
offset
English is Offset, commonly known as the ET value, the distance between the hub bolt fixing surface and the geometric center line (hub cross section center line), to put it simply is the difference between the hub middle screw fixing seat and the center point of the entire wheel, the popular point is that the hub is indented or convex after modification. The ET value is positive for general cars and negative for a few vehicles and some jeeps. For example, if a car has a offset value of 40, if it is replaced with an ET45 hub, it will visually shrink into the wheel arch more than the original wheel hub. Of course, the ET value not only affects the visual change, it will also be related to the steering characteristics of the vehicle, the wheel positioning Angle, the gap is too large offset value may lead to abnormal tire wear, bearing wear, and even can not be installed normally (brake system and wheel hub friction can not rotate normally), and in most cases, The same brand of the same style wheel hub will provide different ET values to choose from, before modification to consider comprehensive factors, the most safe situation is not modified the brake system under the premise of keeping the modified wheel hub ET value with the original factory ET value.
Centre hole
The center hole is used to fix the connection with the vehicle part, that is, the hub center and hub concentric circle position, here the diameter size affects whether we can install the hub to ensure that the geometric center of the wheel can be matched with the hub geometric center (although the hub shifter can convert the hole distance, but this modification has risks, users need to be careful to try).
Curing method
Aluminum alloy wheel with its beautiful and generous, safe and comfortable characteristics won the favor of more private owners. Almost all the new models use aluminum alloy wheels, and many owners have also replaced the steel rim wheels used in the original car with aluminum alloy wheels. Here, we introduce the maintenance method of aluminum alloy wheel: 1, when the temperature of the wheel is higher, it should be cleaned after natural cooling, and must not be cleaned with cold water. Otherwise, the aluminum alloy wheel will be damaged, and even the brake disc will be deformed and affect the braking effect. In addition, cleaning aluminum alloy wheels with detergent at high temperature will cause chemical reactions on the surface of the wheels, lose luster, and affect the appearance. 2, when the wheel is stained with difficult to remove asphalt, if the general cleaning agent does not help, the brush can be used to try to remove, here, to the private owners to introduce a prescription to remove asphalt: that is, the use of medicinal "active oil" rub, can obtain unexpected effects, may wish to try. 3, if the place where the vehicle is wet, the wheel should be cleaned frequently to avoid salt corrosion on the aluminum surface. 4, if necessary, after cleaning, the hub can be waxed and maintained to make its luster forever.
Repair method
When the surface of the wheel is difficult to remove the stain, to choose a professional cleaning agent, this cleaning agent can often gently and effectively remove the stain, reduce the damage to the surface of the aluminum alloy. In addition, the wheel itself has a layer of metal protective film, so special attention should be paid not to use paint brightener or other abrasive materials when cleaning. In the process of driving should also be careful to avoid scratching the wheel caused by "hard damage", once there is a scratch or deformation, it should be repaired and re-painted as soon as possible. So how do you fix a scratch? There are six steps to repair the specific steps: the first step, check the scar, if there is no injury to the inside of the wheel, you can simply repair, use paint diluter, wipe around the scar, remove dirt; Second, the deepest part of the scratch is difficult to remove the dirt can be cleaned thoroughly with a toothpick; Step 3: In order to prevent the mistake of painting the irrelevant part, carefully paste the adhesive paper around the wound; Step 4: Tidy up the tip of the brush and apply the finishing paint. The fifth step, after coating, to be completely dry with water-resistant paper dipped in soapy water smeared, smooth the surface; The sixth step, after wiping with water-resistant paper, use the mixture to wipe out the light, and then wax. If you encounter deep scars, the focus is to observe whether the metal surface is exposed, if you can not see the metal surface will not rust, you can concentrate on the finishing paint. Dot it with the tip of the pen and let it dry completely. To avoid such a phenomenon, the car should be diligent in washing the wheel at the beginning of use, the vehicle that drives every day should be washed at least once a week, the wheel should be washed with water first, and then the detergent should be washed with a sponge, and then washed with a lot of water. Daily maintenance is also essential, when the hub temperature is higher, it should be allowed to cool naturally and then clean, do not use cold water to clean; Otherwise, the aluminum alloy wheel will be damaged, and even the brake disc will be deformed and affect the braking effect. In addition, cleaning with detergent at high temperature will cause chemical reaction on the surface of the wheel, lose luster, and affect the appearance. When the wheel is stained with asphalt that is difficult to remove, if the general cleaning agent does not help, the brush can be used to try to remove, but do not use a hard brush, especially an iron brush, so as not to damage the surface of the wheel.
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