Automobile intake pressure sensor function
The main functions of the automotive air intake pressure sensor include the following aspects :
Provide engine load signal : The intake pressure sensor provides the engine load signal to the ECU (engine control Unit) by measuring the pressure change in the intake manifold. These signals help the ECU precisely control injection pulse width and throttle opening to optimize engine performance and fuel economy .
Control fuel injection and ignition timing : Sensors convert pressure changes in the intake manifold into electrical signals for the ECU to correct fuel injection and ignition timing Angle. When the engine load increases, the pressure in the intake manifold decreases, the sensor output signal increases, and the ECU increases the fuel injection amount and delays the ignition advance Angle. Otherwise, the fuel injection will be reduced and the ignition will be advanced .
Adjust intake valve opening time and fuel injection : In an engine with electronic valve control system, the intake pressure sensor detects the pressure change in the intake pipe and accurately calculates the air volume in each cylinder to adjust the intake valve opening time and fuel injection volume. This helps to improve the efficiency and power output of the engine .
protect engine : The intake pressure sensor can also detect abnormal working conditions of the engine, such as abnormal pressure changes, and send signals to the control system to protect the engine. This helps prevent engine damage due to overload or other issues .
Working principle : The intake pressure sensor is usually connected to the intake manifold through a vacuum tube and senses the vacuum change in the intake manifold. As the engine speed and load change, the pressure in the intake manifold will change, and the resistance inside the sensor will also change accordingly, thus output a voltage signal. This signal is received by the ECU and used to adjust fuel injection and ignition timing .
Fault impact : If the intake pressure sensor is damaged, it may lead to unsteady idle speed, weak acceleration, difficulty in starting, increased fuel consumption and other problems of the vehicle. At the same time, the engine fault light will be lit, and the corresponding fault code will be stored.
Therefore, regular inspection and maintenance of the intake pressure sensor is essential to ensure the normal operation of the vehicle.
Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor (MAP) is an important component in an automotive engine that monitors pressure changes in the intake manifold and converts these changes into electrical signals for precise control by the engine's electronic control unit (ECU). The intake pressure sensor is connected to the intake manifold through a vacuum tube and can sense the vacuum change in the intake manifold. With the different engine speed and load, the resistance inside the sensor will change, which will be converted into a voltage signal for the ECU to correct the fuel injection amount and ignition timing .
Working principle
The operating principle of the intake pressure sensor is based on the resistance change caused by the pressure change. Take varistor type inlet pressure sensor as an example, its core component is a silicon diaphragm made of the piezoresistive effect of semiconductor. When the pressure of the intake manifold acts on the silicon diaphragm, the diaphragm will deform, resulting in a change in its resistance value. This change is converted into an electrical signal, which is amplified and passed to the ECU. Based on the received signal voltage, the ECU precisely controls the basic fuel injection to suit different driving needs .
Types and applications
There are many types of intake pressure sensors, the common ones are semiconductor varistor , vacuum bellows and capacitive . Among them, semiconductor varistor is widely used in D-type injection system because of its advantages of fast response, high precision, small size and flexible installation. The capacitive sensor uses the diaphragm to form a pressure sensitive element with variable capacitance value, and converts the pressure change into an electrical signal by measuring the circuit.
Maintenance and fault diagnosis
The fault diagnosis of the intake pressure sensor usually involves checking whether its output signal is within the normal range. If the sensor output signal is abnormal, the engine performance may be degraded or unstable. During maintenance, periodically check the connection and sealing of the sensor to ensure that it works properly .
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