What is Automotive turbocharger control
The control mechanism of the automobile turbocharger is mainly realized by the electronically controlled exhaust gas turbocharger pressure control system . The system is composed of pressure relief solenoid valve, pneumatic actuator, bypass valve and supercharger. The control of system booster pressure is realized through the opening and closing of bypass valve: when the bypass valve is closed, almost all the exhaust gas flows through the booster, and the booster pressure is increased; When the bypass valve is opened, part of the exhaust gas is discharged directly through the bypass channel, and the booster pressure is reduced .
The opening and closing of the bypass valve is achieved by the ECU (Electronic control Unit) through the control of the pressure relief solenoid valve and the pneumatic actuator . The ECU controls the boost pressure according to the pressure of the intake manifold, and the bypass valve is opened at high speed and large load to avoid excessive mechanical and thermal load of the engine at high speed. In addition, some models also use a closed-loop control system, through the position sensor to feed the actual execution results to the ECU, adjust according to the deviation, to more accurately control the engine torque .
The working principle of turbocharger is to drive the turbine through the exhaust gas discharged by the engine, and then compress the intake air to improve the air density, thus improving the combustion efficiency and output power . Turbocharger uses the inertia impulse of exhaust gas discharged by the engine to push the turbine in the turbine chamber, drives the coaxial impeller to compress air into the cylinder, increases the pressure and density of air, and thus increases the output power of the engine .
The main functions of automotive turbochargers include the following aspects :
Increase engine power and torque : Turbochargers increase the amount of air entering the cylinder, enabling the engine to inject more fuel at the same displacement, thereby increasing engine power and torque. In general, turbochargers can increase the maximum power of the engine by 20% to 40%, and the maximum torque by 30% to 50%.
Reduce fuel consumption and emissions : Turbochargers reduce fuel consumption and emissions by optimizing the combustion efficiency of the engine and improving thermal efficiency. Specifically, the turbocharger can reduce the fuel consumption of the engine by 5% to 10%, and the emission of harmful gases such as CO, HC and NOx is also correspondingly reduced .
Improved fuel economy : Engines with turbochargers burn better, saving 3% to 5% of fuel. In addition, turbochargers optimize engine matching characteristics and transient response characteristics for improved fuel economy .
Enhance engine adaptability and reliability : Turbocharger can make the engine at different altitudes, temperatures and load conditions to maintain better performance and stability, to avoid engine underpower, knock, overheating and other problems. At the same time, turbochargers can also extend the life of the engine and reduce the failure rate .
plateau compensation function : in the plateau area, due to thin air, the performance of ordinary engines will be affected and the power will be reduced. The turbocharger can effectively make up for the power loss caused by thin air by increasing the intake density.
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