In order to accelerate the attenuation of frame and body vibration and improve the ride comfort (comfort), shock absorbers are installed in most vehicle suspension systems.
The shock absorption system of automobile is composed of spring and shock absorber. The shock absorber is not used to support the weight of the vehicle body, but to suppress the shock of the spring rebound after shock absorption and absorb the energy of road impact. The spring plays the role of mitigating the impact, changing "one-time impact with large energy" into "multiple impact with small energy", and the shock absorber gradually reduces "multiple impact with small energy". If you drive a car with a broken shock absorber, you can experience the bouncing of the afterwave after the car passes through each pit and fluctuation, and the shock absorber is used to suppress this bouncing. Without the shock absorber, the rebound of the spring can not be controlled. When the car meets the rough road, it will produce serious bounce. When cornering, it will also cause the loss of tire grip and tracking due to the up and down vibration of the spring.
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Material angle division: From the perspective of generating damping materials, shock absorbers mainly include hydraulic and pneumatic shock absorbers, and there is also a variable damping shock absorber.
Hydraulic type: Hydraulic shock absorber is widely used in automobile suspension system. The principle is that when the frame and axle move back and forth and the piston moves back and forth in the cylinder barrel of the shock absorber, the oil in the shock absorber housing will repeatedly flow from the inner cavity into another inner cavity through some narrow pores. At this time, the friction between the liquid and the inner wall and the internal friction of liquid molecules form a damping force to the vibration.
Inflatable: Inflatable shock absorber is a new type of shock absorber developed since 1960s. The utility model is characterized in that a floating piston is installed at the lower part of the cylinder barrel, and a closed gas chamber formed by the floating piston and one end of the cylinder barrel is filled with high-pressure nitrogen. A large section O-ring is installed on the floating piston, which completely separates oil and gas. The working piston is equipped with a compression valve and an extension valve which change the cross-sectional area of the channel with its moving speed. When the wheel jumps up and down, the working piston of the shock absorber moves back and forth in the oil fluid, resulting in an oil pressure difference between the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the working piston, and the pressure oil will push open the compression valve and the extension valve and flow back and forth. As the valve produces large damping force to the pressure oil, the vibration is attenuated.
